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Eugenia reinwardtiana

(Blume) DC. (1828)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Myrtales Family: Myrtaceae Genus: Eugenia

nioi, nīoi [nioi]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small trees or shrubs 1.5–7 m tall.

Stems: Young branches brown puberulent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic to ovate or obovate, 2.5–8 cm long, (1–)2–6.5 cm wide. Apex obtuse, acute, ± retuse, or apiculate. Base cuneate to rounded. Upper surfaces glossy, minutely punctate, glabrous or sparsely puberulent along midrib; lower surfaces dull, minutely pustulate, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, especially near midrib; blades coriaceous. Margins flat or slightly revolute (ko'olau mts.). 5–8 pairs of principal lateral veins, 4–8 mm apart, submarginal vein irregular. Petioles 2–4 mm long. Stipules vestigial or absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–2 in the leaf axils, pedicels 5–17(–25) mm long, glabrous or puberulent, bracts 1–1.5 mm long, sparsely puberulent, persistent. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. hypanthium obconical, 2–3 mm long, brown puberulent. Calyx of 4 sepals, unequal, one pair 3–5 mm long, the other pair 2–3 mm long, adnate to the annular nectary disk within the tube, glabrous. Corolla of 4 petals, white, ovate, obovate, or elliptic, 6–8 mm long, inserted on margin of nectary disk, sparsely puberulent, especially along margins, caducous. Stamens ca. 150, inserted on nectary disk; filaments white, 1.5–5 mm long. Ovary inferior; ovule placentation axile; style short.

Fruit: Berries red; orange; or yellow; ovoid to subglobose; 1–2 cm long; pericarp fleshy; 1–2 mm thick. Seeds 1(2); globose; 8–10 mm in diameter; seed coat coherent to pericarp; cotyledons connate to distinct.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Uncommon on dry forest slopes and occasionally in mesic forest; on Kaua'i; O'ahu (Wai'anae Mountains; northern Ko'olau Mountains; and eastern Ko'olau Mountains between Niu and Wailupe); Moloka'i; and Maui.

Elevation Range: 180–730 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Maui Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Prodr. 3: 267 (1828)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:960 (K, O, Mo, M)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Eugenia reinwardtiana Makaleha Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17005 Oahu BISH 1918-05-02
2 Eugenia reinwardtiana Ridge between Niu and Wailupe Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2458 Oahu BISH 1917-04-11
3 Eugenia reinwardtiana Ridge between Niu and Wailupe Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2458 Oahu BISH 1917-04-11
4 Eugenia reinwardtiana Haupu Range; right-hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 753 Kauai BISH 1916-11-03
5 Eugenia reinwardtiana Makaleha Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17005 Oahu BISH 1918-05-02
6 Eugenia reinwardtiana Makua Valley Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1930-05-01
7 Eugenia reinwardtiana Ridge between Niu and Wailupe Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2458 Oahu BISH 1917-04-11
8 Eugenia reinwardtiana Hanakoa Preserved_Specimen Judd, C.S. 44 Kauai BISH 1926-08-28
9 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waimano Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1929-06-01
10 Eugenia reinwardtiana Wailuku Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
11 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waimano E. branch E. slope above Pass Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-05-29
12 Eugenia reinwardtiana West Maui, Wailuku Preserved_Specimen Maui BISH
13 Eugenia reinwardtiana Western slope of middle ridge of Niu Valley In woods near stream Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7301 Oahu BISH 1932-06-04
14 Eugenia reinwardtiana Wailuku Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
15 Eugenia reinwardtiana Small gulch on S side of upper Makua Valley Dry forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7295 Oahu BISH 1931-05-10
16 Eugenia reinwardtiana Wailuku, Black Gorge shade of tree Preserved_Specimen 4' shrub Degener, O. 23749 Maui BISH 1954-11-16
17 Eugenia reinwardtiana Nanakuli-Lualualei divide Dirt banks with varied specieds mix; many plants in open understory kept clear by cattle, surrounding vegetation is heavily grazed bewlow the browse line, but the Eugenia are conspicuously untouched Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3262 Oahu BISH 1987-01-01
18 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., 1 mi N. of Puu Kaua, on Firebreak Trail Dry forest Preserved_Specimen Tree Wilson, K.A. 143 Oahu BISH 1952-09-05
19 Eugenia reinwardtiana Lihue District. Hoary Head Range, between jeep track leading to Kipu Kai and Hokulei Peak Along subridges on north side of ridge in dry to mixed mesophytic forest. Preserved_Specimen Trees of up to 15 ft. Bark exfoliating. Leaves glossy greenish-yellow above, dull, paler green below. Petals four, white; stamens numerous, white. Fruit orange to orange-red, pulp sweet. Flynn, T.W. 3000 Kauai BISH 1988-06-09
20 Eugenia reinwardtiana Central wet forest Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 15193 Molokai BISH 1916-10-13
21 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., Honouliuli, ridge above Kupehau dry, Lantana Preserved_Specimen 5 m tree Fosberg, F.R. 10995 Oahu BISH 1935-06-30
22 Eugenia reinwardtiana Pia gulch in the ili of Niu. Ahupuaa of Waikiki. Southeastern Koolau mountains. Dry-mesic forest growing near Bobea sandwicensis. Area dominated by Psidium cattleianum and Schinus. Also growing with Pittosporum glabrum, Bidens sandvicensis, Carex wahuensis, Psydrax odorata, and others. Preserved_Specimen Medium size tree with a large trunk. In full flower and fruit. Fruit maturing orange to dark orange. Seeds taken for restoration purposes. Thomas, M.K. 1136 Oahu BISH 2025-06-13
23 Eugenia reinwardtiana East side of East Branch of Makaleha Velley Densely forested slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20824 Oahu BISH 1950-07-02
24 Eugenia reinwardtiana West branch, East Makaleha Valley, in small side gulch. Mokuleia, Waianae Range Dryland slope forest, with Sapindus, Diospyros, Alectryon, Osmanthus, etc. Preserved_Specimen Tree (tall shrub?) 15 ft. tall, 1 inch DBH. Fruit globose, fleshy, orange-red, 3/4 inch diam. Hatheway, W.H. 384 Oahu BISH 1950-09-30
25 Eugenia reinwardtiana Small gulch on S side of upper Makua Valley Dry forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7295 Oahu BISH 1931-05-10
26 Eugenia reinwardtiana Lualualei Schinus-Sapindus forest - ranging under mature native canopy Preserved_Specimen 4 m. tree with exceptional crown development for the sp. Takeuchi, W.N. 3258 Oahu BISH 1987-01-18
27 Eugenia reinwardtiana Third small valley northeast of Palikea (contains pipe-line arising from tunnel) Dry woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7303 Oahu BISH 1932-09-19
28 Eugenia reinwardtiana Palikea Gulch, Waianae Mts Gulch Preserved_Specimen Small tree with abundant long, springy branches. Herbst, D.R. 1903 Oahu BISH 1970-09-07
29 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., W. side of E. branch of E. Makaleha Stream Dryland forest, with Colubrina and Sapindus, on steep talus slope Preserved_Specimen Tree 18 ft. high, not a shrub Hatheway, W.H. 376 Oahu BISH 1950-04-21
30 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waimea Arboretum Dappled shade Preserved_Specimen Spreading shrub 1.2 m tall. Mature fruit crimson. Lau, J. 2773 Oahu BISH 1986-08-25
31 Eugenia reinwardtiana Southern slope of Kahanahaiki Valley Dry forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7296 Oahu BISH 1931-11-01
32 Eugenia reinwardtiana East side of East Branch of Makaleha Velley Densely forested slope Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20824 Oahu BISH 1950-07-02
33 Eugenia reinwardtiana Lualualei Schinus-Sapindus forest - ranging under mature native canopy Preserved_Specimen 4 m. tree with exceptional crown development for the sp. Takeuchi, W.N. 3258 Oahu BISH 1987-01-18
34 Eugenia reinwardtiana Lualualei, base of cliffs In subcanopy of Sapindus-Antidesma forest Preserved_Specimen Tree to 4 m height - vaguely reminescent of an aberrant Psidium but the scaly bark shows the reinwardtiana identity Takeuchi, W.N. 3240 Oahu BISH 1987-01-11
35 Eugenia reinwardtiana Near Kawaihapai Shaded, dry slope Preserved_Specimen Shrubbery; injured, 3 ft. high Degener, O. 7305 Oahu BISH 1929-01-27
36 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., on Firebreak Trail, =/- 1 m. N. of Puu Kaua On dry slope Preserved_Specimen Tree 6 m. x 2 dm.; frs. bright yellow, ripe. Cowan, R.S. 843 Oahu BISH 1948-02-29
37 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., Central Lualualei, below Kanehoa, side of valley 10 Side of valley Preserved_Specimen Tree 4m. Christophersen, E. 3718 Oahu BISH 1932-06-29
38 Eugenia reinwardtiana Kamokunui (or Papaya) Gulch, 1/2 mile S of Puu Iki, Kamananui, Waianae Mts Gulch Preserved_Specimen 7 m. Tree St.John, H. 25580 Oahu BISH 1955-07-17
39 Eugenia reinwardtiana Between Palehua and Palikea, Near summit ridge Near summit or ridge Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11300 Oahu BISH 1935-12-16
40 Eugenia reinwardtiana Honolulu District Southern Koolau Mountains, just off Hawaii Loa Ridge Trail to the SE toward Niu Valley. Metrosideros -Dicranopteris Lowland Forest Psidium, Schinus, Eugenia, Syzygium, Psychotria, Polyscias, Scaevola, Leptocaphylla, Alyxia, Psychotria, Kadua affinis, Euphorbia, Bidens, Osteomeles, Carex. Preserved_Specimen Common. 10 ft. tall. Rust on leaves. Trunk smooth brown. Flower Tangalin, N. 3126 Oahu BISH 2012-04-20
41 Eugenia reinwardtiana Gully (having prominent dyke) north-north-east of Puu Kamaohanui Dry woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7302 Oahu BISH 1932-12-11
42 Eugenia reinwardtiana Kaala Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Oahu BISH
43 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., between Puu Iki and NW Puu Pane Neowawrea Preserved_Specimen 3 m shrub, flower white Webster, G.L. 13853 Oahu BISH 1968-06-23
44 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waimea, Waimea Arboreteum Dump site in the Evolution Garden. Preserved_Specimen Garnett, W. 9118 Oahu BISH 1991-01-01
45 Eugenia reinwardtiana Hanalei District; Limahuli Valley Slope 70 degree. Exposure NE. Degraded mixed mesophytic forest, associated with the following natives; Diospyros, Alyxia, Bobea, Cyanea, Psychotria, Canthium, Ohia, and Xylosma. Preserved_Specimen Tree to 20 ft. Trunk diameter about 8 in. Spread approx. 20 ft. Flowers only. Wichman, C. 213 Kauai BISH 1989-11-15
46 Eugenia reinwardtiana Half mile SE of Pohakea Pass On dry grass & lantana-covered slopes. Preserved_Specimen Single dying tree. Degener, O. 4194 Oahu BISH 1932-07-30
47 Eugenia reinwardtiana Haupu, Kipu Wooded slope Preserved_Specimen Tree 7 m x 1.1 m.; flowers white St.John, H. 13616 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
48 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., W. branch, E. Makaleha Val., in small side gulch Dryland slope forest, with Sapindus, Diospyros, Alectryon, Osmanthus, etc. Preserved_Specimen Tree (tall shrub?), 15 ft. tall, i in. DBH; fr. globose, fleshy, orange-red, 3/4 in. diam. Hatheway, W.H. 384 Oahu BISH 1950-09-30
49 Eugenia reinwardtiana Kalalau valley, E fork of 1st stream crossing deep narrow steep basalt canyon; Pteralyxia kauaiensis, Diospyros, Pouteria, Rauvolfia, Psychotria greenwelliae, Pleomele, Pisonia, Psydrax odorata, Wilkesia, Lobelia niihauensis, Dodonaea, Nototrichium, Hibiscus kokio, Chamaesyce Preserved_Specimen 2-5 m tree; 1 full flower; stems gray brown; leaves light green Wood, K.R. 8604 Kauai BISH 2000-08-08
50 Eugenia reinwardtiana Half mile SE of Pohakea Pass On dry grass & lantana-covered slopes. Preserved_Specimen Single dying tree. Degener, O. 4194 Oahu BISH 1932-07-30
51 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., W. branch of E. Makaleha Valley, Dry forest, on steep valley side, with Diospyros, Osmanthus, Canthium Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m. x 6 cm. St.John, H. 24827 Oahu BISH 1952-06-11
52 Eugenia reinwardtiana Honouliuli, Kanehoa Gulch Dry slope Preserved_Specimen Small tree, small flowers with 4 white petals Judd, C.S. 65 Oahu BISH 1927-10-12
53 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., Waialua, Kamokuiki Valley, between Puu Iki and Puu Kamananui Gully sides; associated with Kukui, Pisonia, Diospyros, Eugenia Preserved_Specimen Slender, small tree with pale bark; dark green shiny leaves; white flowers. Herbst, D.R. 1161 Oahu BISH 1968-06-23
54 Eugenia reinwardtiana Halona Valley Dry well drained slope, clay soil Preserved_Specimen Zschokke, T.C. 1250 Oahu BISH 1925-07-14
55 Eugenia reinwardtiana Kahanahaiki Valley, Waianae Dry river bottom with Erythrina Preserved_Specimen TAll bush, small white tassel Judd, C.S. 23 Oahu BISH 1925-10-16
56 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., W. side of E. branch of E. Makaleha Stream Dryland forest, with Colubrina and Sapindus, on steep talus slope Preserved_Specimen Tree 18 ft. high, not a shrub Hatheway, W.H. 376 Oahu BISH 1950-08-21
57 Eugenia reinwardtiana Between Hanakapiai & Kalalau, Na Pali In company w/Diospyros & Aleurites in small ravine Preserved_Specimen Tree 25' ht, 3 dbh . Trunk white ..Fruits bright red, badly infested w/borers. Branchlets reddish-brown. Leaves variable, elliptic to nerly ovate to 8 cm. Nagata, K.M. 1033 Kauai BISH 1972-06-11
58 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae Mts., Honouliuli, Ekahanui Gulch, Lantana Trail (to Puu Kaua) With Aleurites moluccana Preserved_Specimen Tree 5 m. high; white flowers. Chock, A.K. 146 Oahu BISH 1950-02-26
59 Eugenia reinwardtiana Koolau Mts., Kalauao Valley, on side ridge near junction of Aiea Loop and Aiea Ridge Trails, in valley. On north-facing slope of side ridge, near cliffs. Dry to mesic mixed native and introduced forest, with lama, alahee, ohia, maile, koa. Preserved_Specimen Small bushes. Sterile. Attacked by lobate lac scale. Collected as E. koolauensis var. glabra. Chung, D. Oahu BISH 2017-07-15
60 Eugenia reinwardtiana Gulch southwest of Dillingham Ranch, Mokuleia In shade Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20615 Oahu BISH 1950-04-20
61 Eugenia reinwardtiana Olowalu Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2417 Maui BISH 1920-05-19
62 Eugenia reinwardtiana Maianae Mts.; Kaluaa Gulch begtween Puu Kanehao and Puu Hapapa and along ridge to Puu Hapapa Preserved_Specimen Small tree; fruit red Sohmer, S.H. 10841 Oahu BISH 1975-12-07
63 Eugenia reinwardtiana Northeast face of Mt. Haupu Preserved_Specimen A single tree Herbst, D.R. 2873 Kauai BISH 1973-01-21
64 Eugenia reinwardtiana Makua Valley Preserved_Specimen Fruit orange yellow, globase to ovate, 13-15 mm x 13-15 mm. Flowers usually in pairs Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1930-05-15
65 Eugenia reinwardtiana Waianae; Kaluakauila Gulch Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 159 Oahu BISH 1989-10-15
66 Eugenia reinwardtiana Hahaione Preserved_Specimen Zschokke, T.C. 7 Oahu BISH 1926-01-21
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